BEIJING 鈥� Cui Tingting dyed her hair Mars red for the arrival of China鈥檚 spacecraft at the planet known in Chinese as the Fire Star.
鈥淭his is a great era for space, and the future of mankind lies in the exploration of outer space,鈥� said Cui, director of the China Mars Society, the local chapter of a global advocacy network. She hosted an online party Wednesday night to wait for the announcement that the Tianwen-1 spacecraft, launched last July, had reached Mars orbit.
Video from participants across China showed a replica of Tianwen-1鈥檚 robot rover in the home of one society member. One wore a homemade space suit; another controlled his robot dog.
鈥淓arth is our mother planet ... but for me, Mars is the same,鈥� Cui said.
China is falling in love with space, inspired by the ruling Communist Party鈥檚 increasingly ambitious plans over the past two decades to launch humans into orbit and explore the moon and Mars.
Tourists flock to tropical Hainan island to watch rockets blast off. Others visit mock Mars colonies in desert sites with white domes, airlocks and spacesuits. The number of space-themed TV shows, books and fan clubs is growing.
The most popular space-themed account on the Twitter-like Sina Weibo microblog service, 鈥淥ur Space,鈥� has 1.25 million followers.
The expanding space program coincides with President Xi Jinping鈥檚 campaign to promote an image of China returning to its former glory as a world leader.
鈥淚t鈥檚 a symbol of power for China,鈥� said Chen Qiufan, a science fiction author in Guangdong whose books include 鈥淲aste Tide.鈥�
Xi鈥檚 government is trying to nurture public enthusiasm with a five-year Scientific Literacy Action Plan. It includes a promise of support for developing Chinese science fiction.
In November, the city government of Beijing announced plans to build a science fiction industry cluster area to attract talent and create 鈥渋nfluential original science fiction works.鈥�
鈥淵ou have to leverage the power of films, movies and science fiction to broadcast propaganda and this idea: we need to go there,鈥� said Chen, comparing it to the Renaissance.
That love affair also is catching on in Japan, India and other countries that are sending probes across the solar system, joining a club of explorers long dominated by Washington and Moscow.
The race to explore Mars is so crowded that Tianwen-1 isn鈥檛 even the only spacecraft to arrive at the planet this week.
On Tuesday, Amal, a spacecraft launched by the United Arab Emirates, swung into orbit.
In the Emirates鈥� biggest city, Dubai, the government projected images of Mars鈥� two moons into the sky. Dubai鈥檚 Burj Khalifa skyscraper glowed red at night. Billboards depicting Amal, Arabic for hope, tower over Dubai鈥檚 highways.
In India, one of the country鈥檚 biggest film stars, Akshay Kumar, led a 2019 blockbuster, 鈥淢ission Mangal,鈥� inspired by the country鈥檚 first mission to Mars.
A new collection of short stories written in a half dozen languages called 鈥淭he Best of World SF鈥� captures this global wonder, said the book's editor, Lavie Tidhar.
In American and British sci-fi, Mars often plays the pristine utopia to Earth鈥檚 decrepit dystopia, but not so elsewhere, said Tidhar, who was raised on a kibbutz, a collectivist commune in Israel. In his novels 鈥淢artian Sands鈥� and 鈥淐entral Station,鈥� a reborn Soviet Union, China, and Israel flourish on the bleak landscape of Mars.
鈥淚t鈥檚 boring, it鈥檚 hot, it鈥檚 cramped. A bit like growing up in a kibbutz -鈥� except you can never leave," he said.
China鈥檚 first science fiction book, 鈥淐ity of Cats鈥� in 1933, was set on Mars.
The genre died out during the ultra-radical 1966-76 Cultural Revolution, when the U.S.-Soviet space race inspired film studios to release 鈥�2001: A Space Odyssey鈥� and 鈥淪olaris.鈥�
China re-embraced imaginary other worlds with the explosive success of 鈥淭he Three-Body Problem鈥� by Liu Cixin, first published as a magazine serial from 2006 to 2010. In 2015, Liu became the first Chinese author to receive the Hugo Award, science fiction's highest
A Hollywood-style blockbuster, 鈥淭he Wandering Earth,鈥� based on a novella by Liu, grossed more than $700 million worldwide in 2019.
China became the third nation to launch an astronaut into orbit on its own in 2003, four decades after the former Soviet Union and the United States.
Its first temporary orbiting laboratory was launched in 2011 and a second in 2016. Plans call for a permanent space station after 2022.
Space officials had expressed hope for a crewed lunar mission as early as this year but said that depended on budget and technology. They have pushed back that target to at least 2024.
Science fiction writers already are imaging Chinese colonies on Mars.
Hao Jingfang鈥檚 novel 鈥淰agabonds,鈥� published last year, is set between a poverty-free but austere Martian society and a poor, crowded, polluted Earth. Hao became the first female Chinese author to receive the Hugo Award in 2016.
Luo Lingzuo鈥檚 2019 鈥淟and Without Borders鈥� imagines Chinese scientists genetically altering potatoes to grow in amber Martian soil. Physicist Liu Yang鈥檚 鈥淥rphans of the Red Planet,鈥� about high school students on Mars battling hostile aliens, is being turned into a TV series.
鈥淲e need to go to space,鈥� said Chen, the science fiction author in Guangdong. 鈥淭hen we have the power equivalent to what the United States has, and then we can become the giant.鈥�
Cui, of the Mars Society, already is planning another party in May when Tianwen-1鈥檚 robot lander is due to touch down.
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Associated Press researchers Caroline Chen in Beijing and Chen Si in Shanghai and writers Isabel DeBre in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, and Krutika Pathi in New Delhi contributed to this report.
Sam McNeil, The Associated Press
