BAKU, Azerbaijan (AP) 鈥�
Soaring rhetoric, urgent pleas and pledges of cooperation contrasted with a backdrop of seismic political changes, global wars and economic hardships as United Nations began Monday and got right to the hard part: money.
In Baku, Azerbaijan, where the world's first oil well was drilled and the smell of the fuel was noticeable outdoors, the two-week session, called COP29, got right to the major focus of striking a new deal on how many hundreds of billions 鈥� or even trillions 鈥� of dollars a year will flow from rich nations to poor to try to curb and adapt to climate change.
The money is to help the developing world transition their energy systems away from planet-warming fossil fuels and toward clean energy, compensate for climate disasters mostly triggered by carbon pollution from rich nations and adapt to future extreme weather.
鈥淭hese numbers may sound big but they are nothing compared to the cost of inaction,鈥� the new COP29 president, Mukhtar Babayev, said as he took over. 鈥淐OP29 is a moment of truth for the 鈥� which in 2015 set a goal of limiting warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit) since pre-industrial times.
This year, the world is on pace for in human civilization, the European climate service Copernicus announced earlier this month. But the Paris 1.5 goal is about decades, not one year of that amount of warming.
Signs of climate disasters abound
The effects of climate change in disasters such as hurricanes, droughts and floods are already here and hurting, Babayev said.
鈥淲e are on the road to ruin,鈥� Babayev said. 鈥淲hether you see them or not, people are suffering in the shadows. They are dying in the dark. And they need more than compassion. More than prayers and paperwork. They are crying out for leadership and action. COP29 is the unmissable moment to chart a new path forward for everyone.鈥�
United Nations Climate Secretary Simon Stiell, whose home island of , used the story of his neighbor, an 85-year-old named Florence, to help find 鈥渁 way out of this mess.鈥�
Her home was demolished and Florence focused one thing: 鈥淏eing strong for her family and for her community. There are people like Florence in every country on Earth. Knocked down, and getting back up again.鈥�
That鈥檚 what the world must do with climate change, especially with providing money, Stiell said.
鈥淟et鈥檚 dispense with any idea that climate finance is charity,鈥� Stiell said. 鈥淎n ambitious new climate finance goal is entirely in the self-interest of every nation, including the largest and wealthiest鈥� because it will keep future warming from hitting 5 degrees Celsius, where he said the world was going before it started fighting climate change.
A backdrop of upheaval hangs over talks
In the past year, nation after nation has seen political upheaval, with the latest being in the United States 鈥� the largest historic carbon emitter 鈥� and Germany, a climate leading nation.
The , who disputes climate change and its impact, and the collapse of the are altering climate negotiation dynamics here, experts said.
Initially, Azerbaijan organizers who were hoping to have nations across the globe stop fighting during the two weeks of negotiations. That didn't happen as wars in Ukraine, Gaza and elsewhere continued.
Still, some attendees were hopeful.
鈥淲ithin sight of the destruction lies the seed of creation,鈥� Jacob Johns, a Hopi and Akimel O鈥檕dham community organizer said at a panel about Indigenous people鈥檚 hopes for climate action. 鈥淲e have to realize that we are not citizens of one nation, we are the Earth.鈥�
Hopes for a strong outcome
The financial package being hashed out at this year's talks is important because every nation has until early next year to submit new 鈥� and presumably stronger 鈥� targets for curbing emissions of heat-trapping gases from the burning of coal, oil and natural gas. That's part of the 2015 Paris agreement for nations to ratchet up efforts every five years.
The long-term global average temperature is now 1.3 degrees Celsius (2.3 degrees Fahrenheit) above pre-industrial times, only two-tenths of a degree from the agreed-upon threshold.
For the world to prevent more than 1.5 degrees of warming, global carbon emissions must be slashed by 42% by 2030, a new United Nations report said. Instead,
鈥淲e cannot leave Baku without a substantial outcome,鈥� Stiell said. 鈥淣ow is the time to show that global cooperation is not down for the count. It is rising to the moment.鈥�
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Associated Press reporter Sibi Arasu contributed.
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Seth Borenstein And Melina Walling, The Associated Press
